Diyandi: Divergence, Convergence, and Inclusion
Reflection and Photography | Violeta Gloria | Instagram: @violetvisuals
“Someday, when white hairs crown my head and my skin completely lost its youth, I hope to look myself in the mirror and see the face of a museum eclipsed with the memory that once every year, the street is a stage of multiculturalism, pluralism, and multi-ethnicity.”
It all began in the cathedral.
When the symbolic image of Saint Michael the archangel was carried out of the church, the trumpets, drums and bugles burst into an energy driving the faithful in a slow cadence of processional movement with vivacious chants and dances.
From above, the streets appeared as if all people of the city left their homes, converged from divergent places accentuated with colorful banderitas—these triangular flaglets strung together to evoke a vibrant and joyful community spirit. The main thoroughfare echoed with the rhythm of drums and the lilting melodies of indigenous chants, beckoning people from all walks of life to participate and witness, sometimes annoyingly as titillating expectants of “yawas (devils).” Beneath the vast expanse of the sky and the scorching sun, differences seemed dissolved, and a shared identity emerged, rooted deeply in narratives of Iligan’s mountains, waterfalls, and its river beds.
At the center of this kaleidoscope lay the grand street dance, where participants, clad in traditional attire—brightly colored costumes adorned with elaborate embroideries and designs—moved with a grace and force whilst re-embracing the olden culture. Each dance was a story, a narrative bequeathed either by ancestors or by aged narratives of educators -- historians or anthropologists, or social scientists -- encapsulating struggles and triumphs, love and loss, joy and sorrow, freedom and constraint, identity and alienation, growth and stagnation, hope and despair, adaptation and resistance, or surviving and perishing but able to heave and honor the saint who gifted them the shawl of protection.
The dancers, with their made-up faces and determined expressions, exemplified the spirit of their forebears, transforming the street into a living gallery of local culture and tradition. The day seemed meant to rediscover the collective expression of devotion woven into stories of their daily lives threaded like the red, green, black, white, red beads adorned on the heads and necks of young and adults alike. Or that versatility of colorful malongs or landaps, the tuwali of men, with glimmering silks, and in the case of women, large fans paired with glimmering textiles embellished with glittering tiny beads, sequins, rhinestones, and paillettes mirroring Maranaos loud artistic expression of their fashion and social status.
Not losing sight of authentic meaning
Without being constrained by guiltless collective fashion nor lose insight of the cultural meaning of Diyandi, the festival served as an avenue for cultural preservation and transmission, revitalizing traditional practices, and demonstrated by the youths. This underscored the importance of continuity in cultural identity, allowing younger generations to connect with the past, albeit the fragility of the struggle for decolonization, while fostering a sense of pride and responsibility toward their community.
Faces gleamed with anticipation, eyes wide with joy and reverence, as the street dancers moved forward their footsteps with sacred chants echoing the prayers of generations. Viva Senior! Viva Senior! The thundering drums and trumpets, which captured attention instantly, became relentless heartbeats pulsating the hands and feet, urging the crowd onward, and which felt like summoning forth the spirits of ancestors and saints alike. It was a celebration of faith, a visceral reminder of the ties that bound them—of history, struggle, and hope. As they traversed the streets, the frenzy intensified. In this sacred drummed-up chaos, the faithful seemed transformed, their identities intertwined in belief and tradition, melding like social fibers adding to the desired social cohesion.
In the vibrant street dance competitions, cultural dancers from the Maranao and Higaonon tribes showcased their rich culture. Among the Maranao dances, Singkil stood out, with a female dancer elegantly navigating between crossed bamboo poles, symbolizing the olden tale of a princess and a warrior. The street dances’ integrated movements and attires meticulously passed down through generations, gleamed of efforts ensuring the sustainability of the tribe’s cultural narratives.
Another notable dance was the Kapamalong-malong, which highlighted the versatility of the malong, a traditional garment embroidered with intricate designs. Dancers creatively demonstrated the various uses and styles of the malong, emphasizing their cultural identity and its functionality in daily life. They also performed Sagayan, unraveling narrative of love and bravery through expressive movement, and also the Kapagapir-apir, a dance where women gracefully held colorful fans, moving in small steps while twisting and balancing, often nearly covering their faces. This movement reflected the sophistication of the tribe’s culture.
The Higaonon tribe, on the other hand, performed the prominent Duyog dance, illustrating their deep connection to the earth and nature, with movements mirroring the rhythms of their environment and celebrating agricultural practices. The Bai dance paid homage to the strength and grace of women in Higaonon society, often performed during significant gatherings to highlight their cultural importance. Additionally, the Pag-agaw dance recounted tales of valor and community life, addressing conflicts that affected their lands and natural resources. These dances were not merely performances; they were living expressions of identity, community, and the tribe’s history.
The procession seemed an allegory as a pilgrimage of the spirit, where every move was in sync with the banging of the drums, when every voice heard seemed amalgamated in the hymn of shared existence. Viva Senior! Viva Senior! In this ecstatic communal communion, the dances demonstrated social values of gratitude to God and to angel’s protection, of empathy, responsibility, cooperation, diversity, sense of community, altruism, sustainability, education, civility, and quest for divine justice. And for a while we forgot envy, hatred, differences, conflicts, prejudice, discrimination, gender bias, political machination, induced fear, and indignities. The power of faith magically surpassed the ordinary and reignited the extraordinary in those who dared to believe.
The Diyandi Festival unraveled as interwoven threads of history, spirituality, and of the people’s resilience from the realities and vestiges of poverty, inadequacy, inequality, and structural or other forms of violence. The diverse faces of evil and its incarnate. Much like Dante’s Inferno which taunted the paradigmatic personal and universal human insights, which dappled as allegory about the soul’s journey toward God, emphasizing the importance of self-examination and moral rectitude as believers battled against the contemporary social ills by critiquing the moral failings of every context and against societal injustices.
Search for purpose
The street dance was sun-scorched. Not quite like the dark forest where Dante found himself in at the poem's beginning symbolizing confusion and moral ambiguity, a place where he has strayed from the righteous path. His journey through hell was a path to enlightenment, culminating in a renewed understanding of sin and repentance. The significance of light and darkness throughout his text underscored the struggle between good and evil, reflecting the duality of human nature as self-willed, yet possessed by the divine. Dante's "Inferno" however was a depiction of the afterlife.
The unraveling of the battle between good and evil in this festivity, on the other hand, was focused on the present profound and elaborate relationship between spirituality and culture. That’s far in between. Steeped in local lore and religious significance, the festival honored not just the patron saint but also the enduring spirit of the people who weathered life's storms with faith— that faith considered by modern philosophers as the “un-arrested opium” which made the unbearable bearable, balm for existential anxieties, comfort to the suffering and oppressive conditions.
Religious ceremonies honoring St. Michael, the patron saint of Iligan, connected the community to its spiritual beginning and such reinforced the importance of faith in daily life. The rituals performed, from eucharistic celebration with symbolic gifts, to processions, served as reminders of the community's spiritual roots, grounding them in a shared narrative beyond individual struggles. Here, the ancient and the modern beliefs melded, as traditions merged with contemporary festive practices, inviting reflection about the diverse manifestations of faith.
In the disturbing cacophony of laughter, music, and prayer, the grandiosity of the Diyandi became a microcosm in the search for purpose— for life's joys and tribulations -- asserting an identity which resonate with the reverberations of the past. This confluence of spirituality and culture transformed convergence into a sacred space where the divine and mortals gathered, inviting all to partake in a journey of connection, understanding, and hope, even as individuals grapple with division and uncertainty.
The festival also exemplified a dynamic reality where traditional arts and customs were not only preserved but also reimagined, reflecting the evolving identity of the community. Beyond the traditional performances of vibrant Maranao and Higaonon dances, there were also events on pageantry, sports, and innovative community contests involving fishers, trisikad drivers, pool swimmers, basketball for persons with disabilities, tartanilya repainting and repair contest, and the like which encouraged the participation of stakeholders from the margins.
Mugna: carnival and culinary products
Elsewhere in the city, as the month-long festival unfolded, the palpable energy also highlighted the smell of diverse culinary products marketed in the Mugna and plaza, especially the tasty picky street food or chow-on-the-go. Vendors line the pathways, offering a motley of local specialties—from the sweet allure of native delicacies to the savory delight of lechon.
Culinary traditions also play a vital role, with food stalls offering local delicacies, pastries, juices, grilled meats, and pastas that promoted regional ingredients and inspired new cooking methods.
Thus, the feast had a profound impact on the local economy and community engagement, serving as a catalyst for financial activity and social interaction. Economically, the festival attracted a significant number of tourists, both from within the region and beyond, which boosted local businesses such as restaurants, hotels, and shops. Vendors set up stalls offering traditional food, crafts, and merchandise, creating opportunities for local artisans and entrepreneurs to showcase their products and reach a wider audience. This influx of visitors not only helped generate revenues but also stimulated job creation, particularly in sectors related to tourism, food industry, souvenir shops, thrifty goods, and including the hospitality industry. It boosted tourism and supported local businesses while simultaneously enhancing community engagement through collaboration and cultural celebration.
The inclusion of peryahan (carnival) attractions and merry-go-round rides in the Diyandi contributed significantly too, in community engagement. These rides and games served as a vibrant focal point, attracting families and individuals of all ages, and enhancing the celebratory spirit of the festival -- forging a sense of togetherness as people gather to enjoy the carnival, play games, and share experiences. This aspect of the festival encouraged familial and social connections, as families often come together to enjoy these attractions, creating lasting memories and reinforcing community ties. It introduced an element of fun and entertainment which were appealing to younger generations as contemporary recreational activities. As such, the fusion enhanced the festive ambiance and also ensured that the festival remain significant and engaging for everyone.
Economically, the carnival with its food market offers local vendors and exalted small businesses an opportunity to showcase their goods and exemplify entrepreneurship. Food stalls and craft vendors, often accompany the carnival, offering local delicacies and handmade items, further enriching the experience.
Eclipsed by the overwhelming vivacious events, this year’s festival had a cultural sharing organized by Lakbay Diyalogo Travel Services and Consultancy, alongside the Mindanaw Tripartite Youth Core to create a space for cultural sharing—one that would illuminate the meaning behind the festivities and foster appreciation through immersive experiences and conversations.
The Diyan Diyalogo, an invitational three-day event, unfolded across the tri-communities of Rogongon, Bayug, and Tambacan, culminating in an interreligious and intercultural tour in Marawi City. This initiative aimed to bridge cultures, enabling travelers, pilgrims, and local settlers to grasp the significance of the Diyandi Festival while exploring the historical and cultural ties that bind Iligan City to the Lanao communities, particularly Marawi. Through dialogue and understanding, the event aspired to cultivate compassion and connection among the involved cities and small communities.
Facilitated by a spirit of collaboration, this gathering sought to enhance local tourism and cultural exchanges. Lakbay Diyalogo worked actively with the Iligan City Tourism Office (Viva Turismo), the Office of the Maranao, Higaonon and Other Cultural Communities (OMaHCC), and cultural workers from Marawi City. Scheduled in September 20-22, the event coincided with the International Day of Peace, echoing Iligan City’s commitment to mutual understanding and harmony to appreciate multiculturalism and diversity.
On the first day, 30 select participants embarked on a journey from Iligan City to Rogongon in Diyan ta Rogongon Para Hu Sayuda daw Bentula, engaging with the Higaonons in meaningful discussions about Iligan's history and culture. This interactive session aimed to foster a meeting of cultures, inviting local settlers—tribal leaders, elders, women, youth, and children—to share their practices and narratives, creating a space for community integration.
On the second day, participants then traveled to Bayug and Tambacan, where they engaged with the Christian and Muslim communities, respectively. These sessions provided a platform for open dialogue, encouraging intercultural and interreligious exchanges. With the presence of cultural bearers and creative workers, the goal was to connect with at least 50 individuals from each community, guided by the theme of "Cultivating a Culture of Peace" in honor of Global Peace Day. They dubbed this event as Diyan sa Bayug: Pakabana ug Lambigit sa Katawhang Kristiyano and Diyan sa Tambacan: Maginged a manga Muslim Moro.
On the third and final day , it featured a tour circuit between Iligan and Marawi, where 30 participants and facilitators explored the shared heritage and traditions that unite these two cities in a Diyan ko Marawi daw Iligan Connect. This experience emphasized commonalities amid diversity, while also reflecting on the recovery and rehabilitation efforts in Marawi following the 2017 siege—a commitment of Iligan City's to its neighbor.
Crucible of dialogue, understanding
Diyandi therefore is crucible of dialogue and understanding; echoing the enduring spirit of peace and collaboration that binds the people of Iligan and Marawi. Such cultural phenomenon demonstrated the intersection of sociological and anthropological perspectives. One can observe how the festival functioned as a microcosm of community identity, cohesion, and resilience. From a sociological standpoint, the festival fostered social integration, drawing together individuals from diverse backgrounds—whether local or regional—creating a shared space for collective discourses and dialogues. This communal gathering strengthened social bonds and promoted a sense of belonging, vital in a rapidly changing realities. Anthropologically, the participation of various ethnic groups reflected the dynamic interplay of tradition and modernity, where ancestral practices are revitalized and reinterpreted for contemporary audiences.
This cultural dialogue inspired exchange of ideas and fostered intercultural understanding. It not only commemorated local history and cultural pride but also acted as a site for negotiating identity, particularly in the face of globalization. Stakeholders were able to engage with one another’s traditions and realities. This interaction cultivated mutual respect and empathy, reinforcing the belief that diversity and interfaith is a strength rather than a division. As individuals navigate this convergence, they contributed to a broader narrative of what it means to be Filipino embracing complexity and change. The initiative helped break down stereotypes and promoted tolerance, as attendees learned about each other’s histories and values. Thus, it showcased the contributions of marginalized or underrepresented groups, enhancing their visibility and promoting cultural pride. It supported strengthening of relations between hinterland and urban residents and also cultivated a sense of belonging and collective identity, illustrating the powerful constructive impact of dialogues.
It also demonstrated adaptability of Filipino identity, showcasing how cultural practices evolved in response to modern influences while still honoring distinctions and origins.
This fluidity indicated that Filipino identity is not static but is continually shaped by new experiences and interactions, making it a living expression of resilience and creativity for social cohesion.
Challenges in adapting modern influences
Having this grand celebration is not without challenges, albeit strategic planning and anticipation of problems inherent in organizing, collaborations, and executing large activities. Diverse cultures can enrich communities, but they also present inherent challenges that must be navigated thoughtfully – whether purely ideations or already an emerging practical experience. As such, identifying potential conflicts or pressures can help develop informed strategies to maintain cultural integrity.
One significant challenge is the potential commercialization of cultural elements. As the festival attracts more tourists and seeks to appeal to a broader audience, there is a risk that traditional practices may be diluted or altered to fit market trends, prioritizing entertainment value over authentic cultural representation. This can lead to a loss of the deeper meanings and histories embedded in the traditions.
Another significant issue is communication barriers, where language differences can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, complicating effective connection and collaboration. Cultural misunderstandings may arise from differing customs, beliefs, and values, potentially resulting in conflict or discomfort among community members. Additionally, stereotypes and prejudice can reinforce divisions, fostering discrimination based on ethnicity, religion, or lifestyle.
Generational divide in attitudes toward tradition and innovation can also pose concerns. While younger participants may embrace contemporary interpretations and modern expressions of culture, older generations often prioritize the preservation of traditional practices. This divergence can create tensions within the community regarding how best to honor their culture while allowing for creative evolution. Intergenerational differences may complicate cultural identity, with younger generations adopting different values or practices than their elders, leading to conflicts over how traditions should be expressed. Furthermore, historical grievances or political tensions between groups can surface, complicating efforts to build harmonious relationships. Economic disparities may create inequities within a diverse community, while globalization pressures can threaten the survival of minority cultures by pushing them to conform to dominant but hard to accept norms.
Additionally, there is the issue of resource allocation. As the festival grows, organizers must balance the need for funding and sponsorship with the desire to maintain cultural integrity. Reliance on external sources can sometimes lead to pressures to conform to commercial interests rather than community values. The challenge of integration and inclusion is critical, ensuring that all cultural groups and stakeholders feel valued can also be difficult, particularly when certain groups dominate social or political structures, leading to marginalization of others. Resource allocation can become contentious when diverse cultural groups compete for funding or representation, exacerbating tensions. Striking a balance between preserving traditional practices and relations for cohesion could create conflicts whilst marginalizing others who lacked the power to insist what ought to be the right for spatial sharing to simultaneously appreciate a public event. Often, mirrors a problem emanating from lack of coordination during the planning stage.
Addressing these challenges requires open dialogue, education, and a commitment to inclusivity, enabling diverse cultures to coexist and flourish while respecting distinct and unique contributions to the community.
Learning from experiences: inclusivity
Firstly, the festival illustrated how integrating contemporary elements into traditional practices can attract younger audiences while keeping cultural heritage alive. Future celebrations can adopt this approach by encouraging artists to reinterpret traditional forms, making them relevant in today's context without sacrificing core values and meanings. This fusion can create a vibrant cultural landscape that resonates with diverse generations.
Secondly, the Diyandi emphasized the importance of community involvement. By actively engaging local residents, schools, and organizations or stakeholders in the planning and execution of the festival, a sense of communal ownership and pride is cultivated. Future celebrations can replicate this model, ensuring that diverse voices are heard and that various cultural groups are represented, to foster social cohesion and mutual respect.
Future events can incorporate themes that reflect local challenges and aspirations, allowing participants to engage in meaningful dialogue and collective reflection. This approach makes cultural celebrations more relevant and also empower communities to espouse culture and traditions as platform for advocacy and change.
Lastly, the festival serves as a reminder of the significance of documentation and archiving. Future cultural events can benefit from a structured approach to preserving the stories, performances, and traditions showcased, creating valuable resources for education and cultural continuity.
Convergence and Filipino identity
The convergence of diverse cultures during Diyandi revealed the dynamic and multifaceted nature of Filipino identity; illustrated the interweaving of distinct traditions, languages, and creative expressions. This underscored the idea that Filipino identity is not monolithic. Rather, it is enriched by a myriad of cultural influences that reflect the country’s history and the social fabric.
The festival showcased advanced communal unity and cooperation. This sense of togetherness is particularly significant in a city marked by regional differences and diverse cultural backgrounds, exemplifying that while each group retains its unique identity, they can also find common ground through shared values and aspirations.
Reflection and photography | Violeta M. Gloria | Instagram: @violetvisuals |
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